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The muscular system is a group of tissues that work together to allow the body to move, maintain posture, and circulate blood. Skeletal muscle are responsible for voluntary movement and posture. skeletal muscles are attached to bones via tendons. They are also known as striated muscles because of the regular pattern of red and white lines that cross their fibers. Cardiac muscles are responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body. Smooth muscles are located in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the intestines; smooth muscles are responsible for involuntary contractions that help regulate blood pressure and move food through the digestive system. The nervous system controls the muscular system in vertebrates, though some muscles can function independently. The human body contains over 650 muscles that work together with bones to make movement possible. The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. 

Diabetes can affect the muscular system in a number of ways. Diabetes can cause a loss of muscle mass and strength, which can be accelerated by poor glycemic control, neuropathy, and other complications. Diabetes can cause chronic muscle degeneration due to metabolic issues like insulin signaling defects, inflammation, and lipotoxicity. Up to 50% of people with diabetes experience peripheral neuropathy, which can cause muscle weakness and atrophy in the feet and ankles. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), Also known as Forestier disease, DISH is a condition that causes the hardening of tendons and ligaments, most often in the spine. DISH is more common in people with type 2 diabetes, especially those who are obese. Diabetes can damage the nerves of smooth muscles, which are involuntary muscles found in the bladder, intestines, arteries, and veins. Damage to the smooth muscles of the bladder can lead to incontinence. Muscle cells in people with diabetes may not produce enough of a protein called VPS39, which is needed for muscle regeneration. 

Other symptoms of diabetes-related musculoskeletal problems include: Joint pain or stiffness, Reduced range of motion, Joint swelling, Deformities, and A "pins and needles" sensation in the arms or legs. 

Nutrients necessary for muscle homeostasis are protein, Omega 3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber.