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The nervous system of the human body is divided into two main groups, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal chord while the peripheral nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves, which are bundles of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to reach all parts of the body, essentially acting as the communication link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. 

The brain is further divided into different regions the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, each with specific functions. The spinal chord is a long, thin bundle of nerves extends from the brain down the spinal column, allowing for communication between the brain and the body. Parts of the central nervous system are as follows:

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum is divided into the right and left hemispheres. Each hemisphere has four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. 

Frontal lobe 

Located in the front of the head, the frontal lobe controls voluntary movement, speech, intellect, and personality characteristics. 

Parietal lobe

Located in the middle of the brain, the parietal lobe helps with spatial relationships, identifying objects, and interpreting touch and pain. 

Occipital lobe 

Located in the back of the brain, the occipital lobe is responsible for interpreting visual information. 

Temporal lobe

Located on the sides of the brain, the temporal lobe controls short-term memory, speech, musical rhythm, and some smell recognition. 

Cerebellum

Located in the posterior cranial fossa, the cerebellum is responsible for balance, posture, and motor coordination. 

Brainstem

Located between the base of the cerebrum and the spinal cord, the brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. the pineal gland is attached to the brainstem and together they control the wake/sleep cycle. 

Hypothalamus

A small part of the brain that controls mood, emotions, body temperature, appetite as well as being the control center for the endocrine system.

Consists of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, which are bundles of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to reach all parts of the body, essentially acting as the communication link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body; it includes both sensory and motor neurons responsible for voluntary and involuntary actions. Cranial nerves (12 pairs) connect directly to the brain, while spinal nerves (31 pairs) emerge from the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into 2 subgroups. The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

This includes muscles you can control, plus all the nerves throughout your body that carry information from your senses. That sensory information includes sound, smell, taste and touch. Vision doesn’t fall under this because the parts of your eyes that manage your sight are part of your brain.

This is the part of your nervous system that connects your brain to most of your internal organs. Your autonomic nervous system is a part of your overall nervous system that controls the automatic functions of your body that you need to survive. These are processes you don’t think about and that your brain manages while you’re awake or asleep.

Your brain is sensitive to the amount of glucose (sugar) it receives. Both high and low blood sugar can damage blood vessels in the brain. Having too much sugar in your blood thickens it and reduces it's ability to bring enough oxygen and nutrients to areas of the body, the brain being no exception. 

Neuropathy is of great concern when considering the health of your nervous system. There are multiple types of neuropathies, each are of great importance to recognize and seek treatment for.

Motor neuropathy 

Damage to the nerves that control movement and muscles, such as speaking and moving the arms and hands. Symptoms include loss of coordination and control of limbs. 

Sensory neuropathy 

Damage to the nerves that control sensory feelings, such as pain, temperature, and light touch. Symptoms include loss of these senses. 

Autonomic nerve neuropathy 

Damage to the nerves that control unconscious bodily functions, such as urinary functions, breathing and heartbeat. This can be dangerous and can lead to heart and respiratory issues. 

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that occurs when the peripheral nervous system's nerves are damaged, making them unable to function properly. The peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves that sends information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The symptoms are wide ranging, painful and effects every aspect of the human existence. symptoms include Pain, burning, tingling, numbness, or swelling in the hands, feet, legs, or arms, Muscle weakness, cramps, or twitching, Loss of balance or coordination, changes in skin, hair, or nails and Emotional disturbances.

Nutrients needed to keep the brain in homeostasis

Nutrients needed to keep the brain in homeostasis are B vitamins, Omega-3 fatty acids, Calcium, Vitamin E, Protein, Complex Carbohydrates, Magnesium, Niacin, Biotin, and Selenium; these nutrients play crucial roles in supporting brain cell function, communication between neurons, and protecting the brain against damage, with B vitamins particularly impacting mood and cognitive performance.